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                  אוסף המטבעות שלי מאירופה   1
         

אוסטריה           
    
   
     
     
    
    
       

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אוסטריה מדינות              
burgau

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The Austrian Low Countries      

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אוסטריה הונגריה          

The Austrian Mint also produces silver and platinum Philharmonic coins, plus Maria Theresa Thalers. The Thaler was the standard silver coin of the Holy Roman Empire, but was also accepted beyond the Empire’s borders, and was used in the Middle East and Africa. Maria Theresa Thalers are possibly the most famous coin due to her position as Empress; ruler of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia from 1740 to 1780. The coins were first minted in 1741. Today, the Austrian Mint strikes reproduction souvenirs of the original 1780 coins.
       
     
   
   
   
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אוקראינה                  
The history of the Ukrainian currency reaches the times of Kievan Rus. The word “hryvnia” originates from the word “grivna” - a neck decoration shaped like a smooth or twisted hoop made of gold or silver, which was also used as a monetary unit in Kievan Rus
Coins of the Ukrainian hryvnia were first minted in 1992. Coins were first struck in 1992 for the new currency but were not introduced until September 1996. Initially, coins valued between 1 and 50 kopecks were issued. In March 1997, 1 hryvnia coins were added . In 1996, commemorative coins began to be issued
In October, coins of 1, 2 and 5 kopiykas are eliminated from circulation. A coin of 25 cents will also disappear soon.
Coins of 1 and 2 hryvnia face value will be put into circulation on April 27, 2018. Moreover 5 and 10 UAH will appear in 2019 and 2020 accordingly.
New coins (kopiykas) in denominations of 1, 2, 5 and 10 hryvnia will be silver, small in size and light
   
     
  
   
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  

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האמפריה הרומית        
      
   
  


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איטליה מדינות                
gorizia          
Lombardy-Venetia    
Lombardy - Vence   

Kingdom of Italy       
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איטליה                      

The lira (plural lire) was the currency of the Italy between 1861 and 2002. Between 1999 and 2002, the Italian lira was officially a “national subunit” of the euro . In 1861, coins were minted in Florence, Milan, Naples and Turin in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 centesimi, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 lire, with the lowest four in copper, the highest two in gold and the remainder in silver. In 1863, silver coins below 5 lire were debased from 90% to 83.5% and silver 20 centesimi coins were introduced. Minting switched to Rome in the 1870s.
Apart from the introduction in 1894 of cupro-nickel (later nickel) 20 centesimi coins and of nickel 25 centesimi pieces in 1902, the coinage remained essentially unaltered until the First World War .
In 1919, with a purchase power of the lira reduced to 1/5 of that of 1914, the production of all earlier coin types except for the nickel 20 centesimi halted, and smaller, copper 5 and 10 centesimi and nickel 50 centesimi coins were introduced, followed by nickel 1 and 2 lire pieces in 1922 and 1923, respectively. In 1926, silver 5 and 10 lire coins were introduced, equal in size and composition to the earlier 1 and 2 lire coins. Silver 20 lire coins were added in 1927.
In 1936, the last substantial issue of silver coins was made, whilst, in 1939, moves to reduce the cost of the coinage lead to copper being replaced by aluminium bronze and nickel by stainless steel. All issuance of coinage came to a halt in 1943.
In 1951, the government again issued notes, this time simply bearing the title “Repubblica Italiana”. Denominations were of 50 and 100 lire (replacing the Bank of Italy notes) and they circulated until coins of these denominations were introduced in the mid 1950s. In 1966, 500 lire notes were introduced (again replacing Bank of Italy notes) which were produced until replaced in 1982 by a coin.
In 1967, 50,000 and 100,000 lire notes were introduced by the Bank of Italy, followed by 20,000 lire in 1975 and 500,000 lire in 1997. . The minting of Italian lira coins was suspended in 1999 and the euro was officially introduced in Italy on 1 January 2002. Italian euro coins have a layout different to each denomination

    
    
   
     
   
   
     
   
   
    
    
    
    
   
   
    
   
   
   

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איים פארו                     

There are two currencies of equal value in the Faroe Islands: the Faroese króna and the Danish krone. While the Faroese goverment prints its own bank notes, only Danish coins are used. Danish notes are equally acceptable as Faroese notes throughtout the country.

The series of banknotes comprises 5 denominations: 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner and 1000 kroner. The coin (only Danish) series comprises six denominations: 50 øre (cents), and 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 kroner.


   
  
 
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אירלנד                     
The first recorded Irish currency came into existence as far back as 995 – 997. Up until the advent of the Euro (more on that later…) Ireland always operated with an Irish pound closely related to the English pound. This meant that each pound comprised of 240 pence, or twenty shillings, each worth twelve pence.
This Irish pound, known locally as a punt, first featured the heads of current kings and the word “Dyflin” to represent the capital.
This close relationship continued for centuries, with slight changes or variations here and there, but modern Irish currency, as we’ve known it, really began from 1928 onwards.
This newly minted currency retained parity with English sterling, on a de facto, basis for upwards of 50 years!
It comprised of coins including the punt, farthing, halfpenny, penny, threepence, sixpence, shilling and florin, until the introduction of the Decimal Currency Act in 1969.
This change resulted in an Irish punt now being worth 100 pence, rather than 240, and followed the English model. From then this model was retained until the introduction of the Euro between 1998 and 2002.
During this time Ireland agreed to join a common European Union currency and did so alongside other founding members, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain!

   
   
   
   
    
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אלבניה                         
Albania, prior to the introduction of the lek in 1926, had no national currency. Coins of the ancient Illyrian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Bulgarian empires would have circulated throughout the region, and eventually the Ottoman piastre circulated until WWI. During and following the First World War, the country was occupied by European powers and the Franc Germinal circulated. Beginning in 1923 both Italian currency and the Greek drachma were used in parts of the country. . The lek’s name is derived from Leka, the Albanian shortened name for Alexander the Great
A 5 qindar leku coin from 1926.
In 1926, bronze 5 and 10 qindar lek coins were introduced, along with nickel ¼, ½, and 1 lek coins, and silver 1, 2, and 5 franga ari coins. In 1935, bronze 1 and 2 qindar ar coins were introduced, having a value equal to the 5 and 10 qindar leku coins.
After the Italian occupation of Albania, stainless steel 0.20, 0.50, 1, and 2 lek, and silver 5 and 10 lek coins were introduced, with the silver coins only issued in 1939. In 1940, aluminum-bronze 0.05 and 0.10 lek coins were introduced. These coins were issued until 1941. .
A 1 lek coin from 2008.
In 1965, aluminum coins (dated 1964) were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 20, and 50 qindarka and 1 lek. In 1995 and 1996, a new coinage was introduced, with a bronze 1 lek coin, a nickel plated steel 5 lek coin, aluminum-bronze 10 and 20 lek coins, and a cupronickel 50 lek coin. In 2000, a bimetallic 100 lek coin was introduced.
In 2008, the 1 lek coin was changed to copper plated steel, amd in 2009, the 10 lek coin was changed to brass plated steel.

    
   
   
   
    
    
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אנגליה                       
      
     
     
     
    

    
     
        
                  
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
    
   
   
    
    
    
    
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
  
   
   
   
   
  
    
    
    
    
   
 
 
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איסלנד                       

The word krona, meaning "crown", is related to those of other Nordic currencies (such as the Danish krone, Swedish krona and Norwegian krone). The history of Icelandic currency dates back to 1885 when Iceland began issuing its own banknotes, before that Danish currency was used in Iceland. The first Krona coins were issued in 1922 after the dissolution of the Scandinavian Monetary Union.
Iceland's first coins were 10- and 25-aurar pieces introduced in 1922. These were followed in 1925 by 1 krona and 2 krona pieces and in 1926 by 1-, 2- and 5-aurar pieces. In 1946, the coins' designs were altered to remove the royal monogram (CXR), following Icelandic independence from Denmark in 1944.
Starting in 1967, new coins were introduced due to a considerable fall in the value of the krona. 10 krona coins were introduced in that year, followed by 50 aurar and 5 krona pieces in 1969 and 50 krona pieces in 1970.

    
   
    
    
   
   
    
    
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אסטוניה                     

The Republic of Estonia did not have its own currency in 1918. Currency circulation was legislatively regulated by the order of the German occupying powers of 15 September 1918 declaring that the German mark (equal to the so-called ostmark) was the only .In 1928, the first coins of this currency were issued, nickel-bronze 25 senti pieces. These were followed by bronze 1 sent in 1929, silver 2 krooni in 1930, bronze 5 senti and nickel-bronze 10 senti in 1931, silver 1 kroon in 1933, bronze 2 senti and aluminium-bronze 1 kroon in 1934, nickel-bronze 20 senti in 1935, nickel-bronze 50 senti in 1936.
On 25 July 1940, 4 days after the founding of the Estonian SSR, the last Estonian pre-WW II coin, the new 1 sent (date 1939), was issued.1 January 2007; however, it did not formally apply when Slovenia did, and officially changed its target date to 1 January 2008, and later, to 1 January 2011.[1]
 1 January 2011. On the same date of 13 July 2010, the exchange rate at which the kroon would be exchanged for the euro was also announced. On 20 July 2010, mass production of Estonian
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אנדורה                      

  • Andorra lacked a currency of its own and used both the French franc and the Spanish peseta in banking transactions until 31 December 1999Introduced in 1936, the Spanish peseta was one of the two official currencies circulating in AndorraThe French franc was used as the official currency in Andorra since its introduction in the early 20th centuryAndorra has a monetary agreement with the EU allowing it to make the euro its official currency, and permitting it to issue euro coins from 1 July 2013Coins and notes of both the franc and the peseta remained legal tender in Andorra until 31 December 2002.
  • Andorra negotiated to issue its own euro coins, beginning in 2014.
   
   

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ארמני ממלכת קיליקיה         

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ארמניה                    
The national currency of Armenia, the dram, was first issued on November 22, 1993. 1 dram can be divided into 100 lum. The name dram comes from Greek, and it means money . In 1994, the Central Bank of Armenia introduced aluminum coins in denominations of 10, 20, and 50 luma, 1, 3, 5, and 10 dram. In 2003 and 2004, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminum 10, copper-plated steel 20, brass-plated steel 50, nickel-plated steel 100, brass 200, and bimetallic (brass outer ring and cupronickel center) 500 dram coins.
Armenia minted its first commemorative coins in 1994, and has produced such coins annually since with compositions of cupronickel, gold, and silver. These coins have been denominated in 5, 10, 25, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1957, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, and 100,000 dram.
In 2011, Armenia introduced the Noah's Ark bullion coins
     
  
   
   
  
 
   
  
   
 
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בוהמיה                   


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בוהמיה ומורביה     
   

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בולגריה                        
the lev was introduced as Bulgaria’s currency in 1881, and have been the official currency ever since, during almost 140 years period, the Lev has passed by forth stages, been paired with the French Franc at the beginning, later to the dollar and during the last 20 years pegged first to the German Mark and after to the Euro at exchange rate of 1.95583 leva = 1 .  In 1881 the first Bulgarian coins - copper coins in denominations of 2, 5 and 10 stotinki - were minted in England, and in 1882 silver 1 and 2 leva coins were minted in Russia. . The first circulation of Bulgarian currency occurred between 1881 and 1952. The valuation of the currency was equivalent to one French franc at first issue . The history of the lev (leva in plural form) is chronicled into four periods. The first period spanned from 1881 to 1952; the second from 1952-1962; the third in 1962-1999; and the fourth from 1999 up to the present.
          
   
   
   
   
    
   
    
   
   
   
    
 
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בוסניה הרצגובינה      
The monetary unit of Bosnia and Herzegovina is “convertible mark” (KM). Convertible mark is divided into a hundred of „fenings“ (F). The first series of KM coins in denominations of F 10, F 20 and F 50 was issued on 09 December 1998, in denominations of KM 1 and KM 2 on 31 July 2000 and in denominations of F 5 and KM 5 on 05 January 2006. KM coins in seven different denominations are in circulation: F 5, F 10, F 20, F 50, KM 1, KM 2 and KM 5. All the denominations of coins are issued in one design version for entire Bosnia and Herzegovina and represent the legal tender in Bosnia and Herzegovina.     
    
  

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בלארוס                 
First coins of the Republic of Belarus were issued on December 27, 1996. Their production is the result of the making of a sovereign state and its issuing institutionThe first coins of the Republic of Belarus were minted on 27th December 1996 but it was not until 1st July 2016 that the first series of coins was put into circulation.The authority in charge of minting coins and issuing banknotes is the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus. Today, the coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kopecks are in circulation.
 
   
   
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בלגיה                     
     
    
    
    
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    
   
   
   
   
   

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לייז'                   

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ג'ברלטר                        
Until 1825, the Spanish real, or the Spanish “real de plata,” was the official currency of Gibraltar. From 1825 to 1872, the real continued to circulate alongside the British and Spanish currencies. Gibraltar pound coins with different designs were introduced in 1988, 2-pound coins were introduced in 1999 and a new 5-pound coin was issued in 2010 inscribed with "Elizabeth II . The government of Gibraltar issues the GIP, and mints coins in £1, £2, £5, 1 pence, 2 pence, 5 pence, 10 pence, 20 pence and 50 pence
    
   
     
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
  
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גרינלנד                        
 

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גרמניה אאכן                        
 
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גרמניה אשפנבורג                    
  
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גרמניה בווריה             

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גרמניה ברנדנבורג - פרוסיה       


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גרמניה וורמס                   
 
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גרמניה וואטנסשייד                 

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גרמניה ויטן                           

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גרמניה ויסבאדבן                      
  
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גרמניה האגן                            

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גרמניה היידלברג                      
    
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גרמניה מדינות בוכום             

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גרמניה מדינות בון            
  
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גרמניה טרייר                     

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גרמניה מונסטר      

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גרמניה מקלנבורג - שוורין       


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גרמניה מרבורג                       

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גרמניה נסאו              

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גרמניה סקסוניה אנהלט                 
 

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גרמניה המבורג מדינות                   
 

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גרמניה סקסוניה מדינות           
  

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גרמניה באדן מדינות           
 

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גרמניה פרוסיה מדינות          
  
 

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גרמניה פרנקפורט                 
   
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גרמניה מזרח פרוסיה        

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גרמניה מדינות קלן                   

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גרמניה קאסל                        

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גרמניה קובלנץ                       

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גרמניה הקיסרית                   
   
   
   
    
   
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גרמניה רפובליקה ויימאר     
   
    
   
   
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גרמניה הנאצית                
    
    
   
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גרמניה המזרחית         
   
     
    
   
   
   
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גרמניה  המערבית                 
  
  
   
   
       

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גרנזי                      
     
   
     
   
    
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ג'רסי                          
    
     
   
   
   
   
   

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גאורגיה                       
   
     
  
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דנמרק                        
   
    
    
   
   
    
        
   
    
   
   
     
   
   
  
   
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דנציג                           
 
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הולנד/זילנד                      
     
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הולנד                         
    
    
    
  
   
    
    

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האיים האזוריים             


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האי מאן                       
   
   
   
   
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